2.2 SOCIAL, CULTURAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES:
Organizations in all industries are being staggered and challenged by the opportunities and threats arising from changes in social, cultural, demographic and environmental variables.Social, cultural, demographic, and environmental trends are shaping the way we live, work, produce, and consume. New trends are creating a different type of consumer and consequently, a need for different services and different strategies.
2.2.1 Childbearing rates:
The birth rate is a variable indicating the number of children born within a group of 1.000 people; for example, the birth rate is 12 percent, then 120 children born within a group of 1,000 people in a specific period one year. The birth rate is usually a decisive factor determining population growth and evaluates the level of fertility in turn helps to assess the age structure of the population within a country. The birth rate within a country aims to control births because an excess level demographic seriously affects the country's economy.
The birth rate in Colombia in 2012 was 19.11 percent (number born per thousand inhabitants), in 2013 the rate under 2.36 percent. This is an indicator that currently fewer children are born and even though our birth rate is relatively high, if it continues to decline significantly in a few years there will be more older people than children and this hurts the economy of the country because they are the people Young who contribute significantly to the growth of the country's economy.
As for the industry, not directly affected because higher proportions of older people who will make use of our service because it is relaxing and makes you feel rejuvenated and relaxed are.
2.2.2 Number of special-interest groups:
Interest groups are those that make a company is socially responsible, this means that you attend to your needs, and relevant interest groups, the aim is to identify industries who are its stakeholders, and identify the demands groups to be unaffected later in business management.
Every industry according to their activity, social context, evolution and geographical location, you must analyze interest groups that surround it, taking into account the main interest groups: internal stakeholders (employees and shareholders), external interest groups ( society) and finally public agencies who are intermediate interest groups.
In the industry which is our company and our service is addressed, must take into account mainly the group of external interest and evaluated to understand and analyze the degree to which will consume our service, this is an essential variable for the good industry performance.
2.2.3 Number of marriages:
The number of marriages refers to the number of couples legally registered with the notary as a couple. In Colombia marriages are governed by Article 113 of the Colombian civil code, in which stipulates that marriage is a contract in which man and woman unite in order to live together, procreate and help each other.
Currently the number of marriages has decreased in Colombia, taking as its source (El universal) that is based in the notary and registration Superintendent Jorge Enrique Vélez.
This variable is not very relevant for our industry because it affects us the number of marriages established in Colombia because this is not a determining factor for the consumer buying our service or not.
2.2.4 Number of divorces:
The number of divorces refers to the number of couples legally registered with the notary as a married couple who decide to divorce and make the appropriate separation of property or liquidation of the conjugal partnership. In Colombia divorces are governed by Article 34 of Act 965 of 2005 of the Colombian Civil Code, in which stipulates that divorce requires a legal procedure to dissolve the conjugal partnership and requires the distribution or liquidation of well made within marriage.
The divorce process has increased; more people are those currently divorcing in comparison to previous years. The number of marriages has decreased in Colombia and divorces have increased, then there are fewer couples are now formed or constituted under Colombian law. It is taking as its source (universal), which is shown in the first half of 2012 divorces increased by 26.2 percent.
This variable is not very relevant for our industry because it affects us the number of marriages established in Colombia because this is not a determining factor for the consumer buying our service or not.
2.2.5 Number of births:
The number of births refers to the number of babies born each year within a country. In Colombia births have declined compared to previous years but not a very large variation, for the years 2013 649.742 333 299 children of which were recorded, the 51.29 percent were male, and 316 443, the 48.70 percent were women.
According to the registrar and published by www.datosmacro.com, in 2013 compared to 2011 data fewer children born in 2013, this made the birth rate is 2.32 percent intervention reduced.
Taking as a variable number of births, and seeing if it is useful or not within the industry, it can be said that the number of birth does not affect the industry because our service is not directed for babies but for the people youth and adults who are those who need our service.
2.2.6 Number of deaths:
The number of births refers to the number of babies born each year within a country. In Colombia births have declined compared to previous years but not a very large variation, for the years 2013 649.742 333 299 children of which were recorded, the 51.29 percent were male, and 316 443, the 48.70 percent were women. This variable indicates the number of people who die annually in the country, if we take as reference the mortality rate of Colombia, which indicates the average annual number of deaths in a period of one year per 1,000 inhabitants is 5.29 percent in 2011.
In Colombia in 2013 about 191,880 people were killed, 3,943 fewer than the previous year. In terms of percentage change between sexes, males are those who have more deceased died because 107,019, however only 84,846 women died, these figures were exposed by the www.datosmacro.com website showing the variation from year to year of the deaths in Colombia.
This variable does not directly affect the industry because their service is aimed at a wide range of ages, hence is not affected in a high percentage and economically industry not be affected.
2.2.7 Immigration and emigration rates:
The emigration is the action of moving from one place to another in which it is passed by an administrative or political border, to settle in another place other than their home temporarily or indefinitely country. There are two types of migration, the first is the voluntary migration where the person has no external pressures, and the second is the forced migration that refers to a compulsion to have a group of people where their lives could be at risk and are forced to leave the country.
The immigration is the situation where a person is mobilized, and may be within the same country, for example from rural to urban, international immigration also referred to is known that people outside the country or usually called as international migrant, moves outside its territory of origin and comes to territory they belong to is Colombia.
As for immigration and emigration rates, we can see that rates will not affect the industry, in our case are not relevant because our audience is mainly the inhabitants of Bogota.
2.2.8 Social security programs:
Social security programs are based on Law 100 of 1993 issued by the Congress of Colombia, which mentioned that the system or comprehensive social security programs is the set of organizations, established rules and procedures which possesses people to have a better quality of life; This is done through the progressive implementation of plans and programs that the state and society develop, in order to provide comprehensive coverage of contingencies
In the social security program is to regulate and standardize the main components of the social security system: The first is to regulate the general pension system, the second component is the general social security health, the third component consists in the general system of work hazards and finally, the fourth component is complementary social services.
Safety programs are not a significant variable in the industry in which we work, seeks to establish standards that benefit society, for example, some of the entities of comprehensive social security system in Colombia are: risk managers employment, severance funds. This variable is not relevant to the project because it focuses on social security of customer and industry focus to produce a larger scale to have a more effective performance and benefit economically).
2.2.9 Life expectancy rates:
Life expectancy is the index that determines the time it is expected that a person lives in a particular social concept; variables into account index that evaluates life expectancy are, sex, level of education, the economic level, the health care they have, the sanitary conditions with which they live, among others. (Deconceptos.com).
Life expectancy in Colombia has risen gradually, so pronounce the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), just as the report states that women live longer than men on average life expectancy of Colombians is 74 and is expected in the period 2015 to 2020 life expectancy increases. (terra, 2008)
2.2.10 Per capita income:
The per capita income has is related to national income. Income refers to all economic inputs received by a person, a family, a company, organization, etc. To improve income per capita must grow national income more than the population. The per capita income is the variable that calculates the average income received by the country for each of the inhabitants, this means that calculates the income received by a person to survive. To make that calculation is necessary to perform this formula: Income per capita national income = (IN) / Total population (PT) (república)
2.2.11 - Location of retailing, manufacturing, and service business: The place in which retailing business, manufacturing business and service business are located whether if they are inside or outside a city or even far away from them depending on the organization interests.
As reported by smetoolkit.com, the location of businesses depend on many factors, but the most important ones are the preferences, needs and objectives of a company, laws, governmental and environmental restrictions, people needs and social and cultural aspects. In agreement with the web page mentioned before, nowadays it is very common to see manufacturing business outside the cities because it is easier for companies to build great manufacturing establishments outside cities where the traffic is not jammed, where batch prices are not so expensive and where distribution labors could be done easily. On the other hand, services and retailing business are found frequently inside cities and specially in residential zones where it is common to find people in the need to buy food, clothes or cleaning utensils and willing to take a service, because according to P&M magazine, people have a special preference on business that are not far from home and that have delivery and online services.
This off course is relevant to the industry because it warns about peoples preferences on business locations, speaking about services according P&M magazine is better to have presence in mall centers and in residential zones because people usually is going to be in a need for a service. This information is key for the organizations among the industry because it tells where a business should be located and what facilities they should offer the customer such as online and delivery services or mobile applications.
2.2.12 - Attitudes toward business: What is the preference of Colombian people, being employed or having their own business?
In Colombia, nowadays, the percentage of people working for a company is greater than the percentage of independent workers. As explained by finanzaspersonales.com.co this situation is due to the fact that being an employee brings way more benefits than being independent, benefits such as social benefits, severances, bounties, health services among others, other cause is the fact that Colombians are afraid of investing all their savings on a business and for some reason to fail in the road for being independent losing the money invested. According to Enter magazine, people with their own business, most of the time are people that once where in great economic problems and the only solution was to start their own business; furthermore another fact is that independent people have grater expenses that employees although most of the times independents gain more profit.
In contrast with the facts mentioned above, Eltimpo.com states that formal employees in Colombian always think about starting their own company because many of them are not satisfied with the wages they receive and the amount of work they are committed to do , other fact are the intense labor schedules that barely leave some free time on weekends and finally, fact that usually employees complain about the treat they receive at companies and that they work is not often recognized properly, however, many workers remain being employed for the reasons mentioned on the first paragraph.
This for the industry is not bad at all, because the less independent workers, the less competition is found in the market, meaning fewer expenses and marketing efforts to compete against others inside the same industry.
2.2.13 - Lifestyles: Set of behavioral patterns and daily habits of a person.
Colombia is a country where lifestyles change a lot depending on the social stratification a family or a person has and also depending on the kind of work they develop, even though, in line with Banco de la República, the ones that impact the most in Colombians lifestyle are the different social stratifications, starting with stratum 1 and 2, where people lack of mainly all the essential resources for living like clean water, food, medical services and a proper home (in cases that “home” is under a bridge), so lifestyle of these people consist on looking for the essential resources daily so they somehow can survive. The next one is stratum 3, where families usually have a person who works and is able to take home the essential resources to have good living such as food and a house and also is able to pay the public services, this people usually is not able to expend money on leisure activities like going to a restaurant or to the movies, every single peso counts. The next one is stratum 4 that according to the classification given by Dane.gov.co is the middle stratum where families and people have enough resources to have a good living usually because family members or the individuals have access to good jobs and they can expend some money in leisure activities but not too expensive ones, in average according to the web page mentioned before, people from this stratification is between 30 and 38 years old and they are mainly families. The last ones are the number 5, 6 and 7 stratification levels that according to the government web page are the high stratification levels which are formed by people with high economic resources and in terms of lifestyle, are the ones that usually have a fulltime job or have their own business, and during free time they dedicate to leisure activities such as going to nice restaurants with their families, traveling abroad, spending time with their sons (if they have children), practicing sports, going to the club, going to do some shopping among other activities.
According to that information, the industry could have many different targets and consumers to satisfy, the information provided help companies among the industry to choose whether they want to serve people from the different stratification levels according to services and objectives in mind, also it gives the industry a general view of the economic situation and the capabilities of people to expend money in the service industry.
2.2.14 - Traffic congestion: The amount of vehicles circulating through the city streets and highways.
In Bogotá, traffic congestion is such that there is the need to implement something called the “pico y placa” that forbids different amount or vehicles to circulate on the streets depending on the day and the car’s plate which obviously is something that is going to make that the car remains on the garage several days during the week, another fact is that despite of the implementing of the pico y placa, the secretary of mobility states that in Bogotá there are more than 50000 vehicle crashes per year and not to mentions the daily super traffic jams that happen every single day all day long inside and sometimes outside the city which could make you take more than 30 minutes to get to a place that is not even 2 miles away.
This information is very relevant to the industry in which the organization operates because when traffic is so jammed according to the statistics shown by LaRepublica.com people prefer to stay in home instead of going out and get stressed with the traffic which makes delivery services more demanded by people as well as online and mobile services. It is also relevant because it affects the proper development of the industry inside the city, forcing companies to change their strategies and expend more resources in logistic solutions.
2.2.15 - Average disposable income: The amount of money that Colombians are able to expend in entertainment, leisure activities, or even the money able to be wasted.
As reported by Dinero.com, Colombians that are able to expend money on leisure activities, travels, restaurants, etc. are the ones from 4 stratum to 7 stratum, this phenomenon occurs because people from 1 to 3 stratification levels often don’t have enough money to expend on activities or products different from food, cleanness stuff, clothes and the essential utensils for living.
According to an article on Larepublica.com, the amount of money able for “free time activities” increases depending on the social stratification, even though, this doesn’t mean that stratum 4 and 5 are the ones that expend the less and 6 and 7 are the ones that waste the money, conforming to the Dean of the Faculty of Economics at the University of St. Thomas de Aquino in Bucaramanga, Carmen Elisa Theran, people of 4 and 5 stratification levels dispose more than 17% of their total monthly income for leisure activities, form which their favorites are going to the movies, doing some shopping at mall centers, visiting restaurants, traveling mostly by ground transportation such as private transportation (their own cars) or taking the service of a transportation organization like Bolivariano or Berlina to go to places not far from the city in which they live. In contrast, people form higher stratification levels as reported by the president of the Hotel and Tourist Association of Colombia (COTELCO), María Claudia García, have an average of 22% of their monthly income to expend or waste, however, this people prefer to expend that money doing expensive shopping in accessories, clothes, cars, jewelry, etc. when it comes about traveling, they prefer to travel by plane mostly to touristic cities like Cartagena, Santa Marta, Coveñas or abroad the country, in other cases they use their cars for traveling mostly when they go to their “summer houses” according to the president mentioned before.
This facts mentioned before represent relevant information for the industry, because knowing the percentages of money able to be expended in leisure activities or the money that stays free after paying all the economic responsibilities the industry knows who their customers are more likely to be, what prices to charge, where to focus their activities and services and if whether complex financial options of payment are going to be needed.
2.2.16 - Trust in government: The level or percentage of people in Colombia that trust on the government’s words and promises.
In countries like Colombia, the government has always been a critical topic to talk about, according to razonpublica.com and the different surveys the have studied, Colombians haven’t been satisfied with any government since the 90’s, as stated by the investigation pointed by the web page, the fact that presidents and the government in general most of the time never achieve what they were supposed to do, is been lowering the percentage of trust of Colombians in political parties to the point in which only the 12% of Colombian people trust in them, however, another survey made by RCNradio points that 34% is the level of trust of Colombians in the current government whose leader is Juan Manuel Santos who has a 47% of Colombians trust. Is noticeable that despite the fact of almost half of the people trusting in the president, only a 34% trust in the actual government a phenomenon that in line with RCNradio and the firm Ipsos Napoleón Franco, occurs because people believe that the performance of the government doesn’t rest only in the president’s hands, they believe the tries as hard as possible to achieve his promises but other people in the government wouldn’t let him do what he is committed to do.
This information for the industry is not relevant at all because despite of the fact that industries are regulated by the government, the proper performance of the industry is not linked in any way to the level of Colombians trust in the government, it just doesn’t affect or change the way industries do their job or the perception of their customers towards products or services.
2.2.17 - Attitudes toward government: People’s perception about the government and what they think about it.
In relation to what was said in the topic above and in agreement with the survey done by the Observatorio de la democracia, to more than 20 thousand people, it is a fact that less than the 50% of the people trust in the government, the results shown by the survey indicated that more of the 60% of Colombians don´t believe that the government is actually going to achieve the goals they are supposed to achieve, also a poll done by the Gallup group points that 63 of each 100 Colombians believe that the government is never transparent and that presidents and mayors are only dedicated to steal economic resources from the people and the country and what’s worst, almost 75% of the people think that in elections time, they have to vote for “the less worse” candidate.
These facts are not relevant for the industry because the operation of the industry has nothing to do with the thinking of the people towards the government, not to mention that the industry in which the business operates is not directly linked to the government and people’s choice about whether to take or not the industry services shouldn’t be affected by their thinking about the administration of the government.
2.2.18 - Attitudes toward work: What workers thing about their jobs and how they feel performing them.
According to oidhaco.org more than 60% of Colombian workers don’t feel satisfied with their jobs starting with the fact that most of them have and informal job contract which allows companies to save great amounts of money per employee, of course this is not good news for workers because it means that they are not getting all the benefits a formal contract guarantees like, health services and bounties. Also, in line with the international office of human rights, more than the 70% of employees state that their wages are not enough for the intense work they are committed to do, they say that companies like competitive workers but they don’t pay enough to be as competitive as they want. Only 12% of the workers are satisfied with their jobs and state that the wages they have are fair enough for what they do, most of this people work for big national or foreign companies and have a good charge (most of the times a directive charge). According to employees what they like the least is the fact that when the government finally tries to do something to promote the formal recruitment, companies see that as a threat for they profits and in contrast, companies concentrate efforts to see how they can avoid or minimize the impact of the government decisions on employee’s rights.
For the industry is important to know this information that reveals how workers feel nowadays performing a job and what they would like to get when working for an organization, it tells the industry how they should treat and manage the employees for them to feel as comfortable as possible in a job and that way to perform it In the best possible way.
2.2.19 - Buying habits: What people like to buy with frequency and their most common expenses.
To start, it has to be clear that the buying habits of Colombians vary greatly depending on the different country regions; however, there are common points that exist among the buying habits of Colombians, in words of Camilo Herrera, president of Raddar, Colombian organization dedicated to the study and observation of the consumer, the Colombian consumer is “an aspirational person with little freedom for consuming”.
Talking about food, Raddar states that in January light food consumption rises, later around April more sea food is eaten. During midyear people tend to eat more food with sodas and French fries, next, during September the chocolate sales grow greatly, on October candies are the protagonists and on December meals served with beer and specially the sales of liquor rise a lot.
Now talking about the current trends on buying habits, people nowadays prefer to eat outside the house, they prefer to go to restaurants, or to have some instant food to eat whenever they want, another trend are the highly demanded delivery services not only in food but also in delivering all sorts of products, because despite of the fact that people currently prefer to eat outside the house (this meaning that they prefer to eat meals not prepared in the house) according to the lecturer Rafael España, since technology has advanced so much, and people can even work from their houses, it is common to see that almost everything has to be delivered to citizen’s houses for them not to waste time having to go out of the house and leave the job for eating or for looking for a medicine.
Since people now are not cooking so often in the house and prefer outside food, the percentage of sales of food on retailer stores has gone down while the sales of technological devises has risen greatly, devices such as smartphones, personal computers, videogame consoles, TVs and so on.
Talking about services, Mister Camilo Herrera states that the internet, TV, transportation and smartphone services are the ones that have raised the most. On the other hand, since vehicle companies are giving so many credit options to buy cars, the increasing sales of cars means the lowering use of public transportation and the rise of demand for gasoline and workshops.
It is also important to say that according to Raddar, Colombians rely a lot in brands, Colombians prefer to buy or take a service with a recognized brand because it gives them confidence and ensures the service or product’s quality.
Finally, in Colombia, catalog sales from organizations such as Nutresa group, Avon, Natura, Herbalife, among others are rising at a high speed and also lowering down the percentage of sales of the great retailers such as exito, jumbo, La 14 stores and others.
This information it’s clearly very relevant for the industry because it tells it how the consumer behavior is, what the consumer needs are, how the trends are evolving, how and where to adapt to new trends, how to change according to customer demands, where the competition is getting stronger and what no business to enter.
2.2.23 Sex Roles:
This refers to the public image of being male or female that a person present to others. In Colombia massage service is provided mostly by women, since there is a general conception that it is these who best play this role, however, is gaining strength the role of men in the service.
The large percentage of people who go to work giving a massage in spa RBE are women and some men also features as there are individuals who request it.
2.2.24 Use of birth control:
The birth control means voluntary prevention of conception by a man or a woman through the use of contraceptive techniques. This variable has no direct relationship with the industry, since the industry is focused on clients in their most adult’s stratum medium-high socioeconomic upwards, where the number of members who plans are very definite given the level of education, be a family.
2.2.25 Ethical Concerns:
This variable refers to a set of principles of right conduct. In this case for the industry ethics is very important, both in the group of people who provide massage service and are in direct contact with the customer as well as for administrative and operational equipment company, since inputs and elements they used to practice massage are high quality with a standardization that allows clients to identify and differentiate products using in the industry. In addition, a time, forms and quality in performing massage are standard and this is where ethic must be unquestionable staff to achieve quality standards posed by the company and satisfaction levels expected for customer. Moreover, it is required by workers with a high sense of belonging and respect for the industry as to not make individual negotiation with clients assigned by the industry.
2.2.26 Racial Equality:
Since the selection process the necessary filters are made to ensure that persons entering to work at the industry did not have any vices or are not vitiated regarding religious beliefs, sexual orientation or race, both customers and coworkers. For customers there is clarity about the services that the industry would lend regardless of their beliefs, race or sex, all framed in compliance in both directions in the industry-client relationship.
2.2.27 Average Level of Education:
The level of education required to the industry should be minimal technical degree or students or professionals in careers as physical therapy, surgery, chiropractic or health related. This, because basic knowledge of human physiology that may explain the nature of the industry, its effect on the body and in extreme cases some abnormality on which not to be made the procedure and instead suggest to the customer require professional medical review.
It is estimated that most clients are an education professional level upwards, however there is no restriction on the definitions of the industry to restrict service to people without any education.
2.2.28 Attitudes toward saving:
This variable means that is a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, in this case, toward saving.
In Colombia savings culture is below 50% of the population being Bogotá where it is saved in the main capitals of the country. One of the main reasons why people are not motivated to save is by low interest generated by the money they saved in the National bank. Note that the absence of a savings culture in the country's culture affects investment.
The socioeconomic group in which the industry focuses is intended generally within the monthly budget amount for recreation, fun and health, that is where it is expected that part of the budget is spent on the services provided by the industry.
2.2.29 Attitudes Toward Investing:
The Colombian invest primarily in: buying rental housing, certificates of deposit, investment in foreign currency or finally invest in the stock market, the latter being in buying shares of companies such as Ecopetrol, Isagen, Pacific Rubiales, Warehouses Success, Bancolombia, Grupo Aval and Grupo Nacional de Chocolates. For these latter individuals before investing always seek a financial adviser or broker to guide you about the best investment according to the financial needs of each. Another type of investment used by Colombians is to create own businesses or family businesses where low investments can even achieve their livelihood, considering that in most cases these businesses are served by the investor or their family group principal.
Within the expansion plans of the industry while an income stock exchange by the same firm size is not contemplated, if there are plans in the future allow the entry of new investors or minority shareholders to provide greater plan expansion of the industry.
2.2.30 Buying Habits:
The shopping habits are the preferences of consumers, number of times that they frequent a place, use or product or service, purchase motivation and attitudes towards this. Given that 72% of household incomes are for products or services other than food, some goods are: education, communications, transportation and entertainment.
Due to mobility problems in major cities, people do not have enough time to move was a local, so alternatives such as addresses of service providers, in this case the industry, take strength in the Bogotá.
2.2.30 Government Regulations:
The rules are the standards established by the government of each country, which is to ensure social benefits. Government regulations established in Colombia for the industry are laid down in Article 210 of Act 9 of 1979 and Article 2 of Decree-Law 205 of 2003 by the Ministry of Social Protection. Certain requirements for the opening and operation of establishments that offer the service, health and safety conditions that must be fulfilled as required by law for good performance are established.
2.2.31 Attitudes Toward Retirement:
In Colombia the number of weeks required to enable people to acquire retirement is 1,300 weeks to 2015, when women are 57 years old and 62 years for men. This applies to employees who are in state pension funds to private funds will depend on the amount of savings you have. Independent of this, the contribution that employees must perform is 4% of salary and 12% belongs to the company.
2.2.32 Attitudes toward costumer service:
Such as free trade agreements and the entry of strong competitors with technology and products that meet the highest international quality standards forced the industry and the Colombian trade catch up on topics such as customer service, so the Ministry of Foreign Trade, with Proexport, began demanding internally what abroad were minimal standards in services and products, while plans were trained in customer service .
even today there is already talk, for example, as a government portals and online social networks like Facebook or Twitter can even ask questions directly to the government.
In addition, Colombia is a leader in customer service training, distance methodologies, training that is essential in the new educational programs and are also in the classrooms of universities and institutes specializing in marketing and sales. At the university level, human resource management customer service, specializing in foreign trade, international relations and computer audit are in great demand among businessmen and top executives.
(portafolio, 2011)
2.2.33 Pollution control:
Colombia has been facing serious problems of pollution and traffic congestion, which is why the government has found a way to control both problems by adding in the price to the consumer the specific tax, control and restrictions on traffic flow by the prohibition of traffic in a few hours or in certain places.
This has also led to new technologies for the care and environmental control such as hybrid engines and the use of non-fossil energy sources generated source.
For example:
The controls for the transportation and vehicle taxation, road pricing, congestion and parking rates influence the demand for transport, through the ownership and use of vehicles, the use of and access to infrastructure, use of space and fuel demand. In order to control the economic, environmental and social impacts generated by this demand.
For the transportation industry this means more expenses, since for each ride and use of a vehicle are more and more taxes for the care of the pollution. but it is necessary to consider innovative mechanisms that help protect the environment with green technology especially for large trucks that are the biggest polluters.
(Orozco, Gandur, & Londoño, 2006)
2.2.34 Attitudes toward foreing peoples:
I colombian towns and cities remain economically from tourists who go to see these places. Foreigners in Colombia are included favorably within this society and bring many benefits, such as investing, bringing new knowledge to companies with the country's development.
When a foreing Works in Colombia have some rights looking for equity and to avoid discrimination and are this:
· Conclusion of a contract.
· Payment of wages for service delivery
· Membership of the General Social Security System (Health, Pension and occupational hazards).
· Affiliation to a family compensation fund.
· Payment of social benefits.
· Holidays.
· Membership in an association and / or union.
(mintrabajo, 2015)
2.2.35 Energy conservation:
Colombia is betting the forests, and wáter. According to the Energy Regulatory Commission and Gas (CREG), 77% of electricity generation in the country, in normal years comes from hydro plants and other thermal plants using fossil fuels like coal and gas. In other words, the light of the most recent Colombian households provides in forest. For this reason the resources of forests and water must be well managed and used, since most of the energy is produced by hydroelectric, hoping to reach a tune of 50% hydroelectric and 50% thermic plants
(vivir, 2013)
2.2.36 Social programs:
Social projects in Bogota are in charge of the district secretary of social integration, with the intention of better Bogota according to their social priorities, there are:
2.2.37. Number of churches:
In Colombia, new requests for openings churches are received every day. today there are nearly 5,000 churches throughout the country.
(Aguirre, 2013)
2.2.38. Number of church members:
There is no exact number of members within the churches, everything depends on the religion because there are so much.
(Aguirre, 2013)
2.2.39. Attitudes toward careers:
These are the career most sought after companies in Colombia:
2.2.40. Social responsibility:
A socially responsible company turns out to be one that, in addition to offering products and services, generate profits, jobs and pay taxes, identifies problems afflicting their community and proposes alternatives for resolution. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility essentially be framed within a series of voluntary agreements that companies undertake to comply and which generate a "Plus" or added value on them.Corporate Social Responsibility in our country was born out of concern for the violation of human rights, negative environmental impacts, the decline in the quality of life of the population, corporate scandals by the lack of business ethics and child labor, among others. Also care about human rights, labor standards, environment, fight against corruption.
(legal, 2013)
2.2.41. population changes by race, age, sex and level of affluence.
Population by Level of affluence:
Colombia, which has historically been among the most unequal countries in the World. income poverty declined from 54 percent to just over 45 percent between 2002 and 2009, while the inequality index remained stable. These are not numbers, are people: 45 percent of poverty are twenty million Colombians in the pot.
In Colombia, the richest 10 percent of the population is left with half of GDP while the poorest 10 percent barely fall from the table crumbs 0.6 percent of GDP.
(semana, 2011)
The birth rate is a variable indicating the number of children born within a group of 1.000 people; for example, the birth rate is 12 percent, then 120 children born within a group of 1,000 people in a specific period one year. The birth rate is usually a decisive factor determining population growth and evaluates the level of fertility in turn helps to assess the age structure of the population within a country. The birth rate within a country aims to control births because an excess level demographic seriously affects the country's economy.
The birth rate in Colombia in 2012 was 19.11 percent (number born per thousand inhabitants), in 2013 the rate under 2.36 percent. This is an indicator that currently fewer children are born and even though our birth rate is relatively high, if it continues to decline significantly in a few years there will be more older people than children and this hurts the economy of the country because they are the people Young who contribute significantly to the growth of the country's economy.
As for the industry, not directly affected because higher proportions of older people who will make use of our service because it is relaxing and makes you feel rejuvenated and relaxed are.
2.2.2 Number of special-interest groups:
Interest groups are those that make a company is socially responsible, this means that you attend to your needs, and relevant interest groups, the aim is to identify industries who are its stakeholders, and identify the demands groups to be unaffected later in business management.
Every industry according to their activity, social context, evolution and geographical location, you must analyze interest groups that surround it, taking into account the main interest groups: internal stakeholders (employees and shareholders), external interest groups ( society) and finally public agencies who are intermediate interest groups.
In the industry which is our company and our service is addressed, must take into account mainly the group of external interest and evaluated to understand and analyze the degree to which will consume our service, this is an essential variable for the good industry performance.
2.2.3 Number of marriages:
The number of marriages refers to the number of couples legally registered with the notary as a couple. In Colombia marriages are governed by Article 113 of the Colombian civil code, in which stipulates that marriage is a contract in which man and woman unite in order to live together, procreate and help each other.
Currently the number of marriages has decreased in Colombia, taking as its source (El universal) that is based in the notary and registration Superintendent Jorge Enrique Vélez.
This variable is not very relevant for our industry because it affects us the number of marriages established in Colombia because this is not a determining factor for the consumer buying our service or not.
2.2.4 Number of divorces:
The number of divorces refers to the number of couples legally registered with the notary as a married couple who decide to divorce and make the appropriate separation of property or liquidation of the conjugal partnership. In Colombia divorces are governed by Article 34 of Act 965 of 2005 of the Colombian Civil Code, in which stipulates that divorce requires a legal procedure to dissolve the conjugal partnership and requires the distribution or liquidation of well made within marriage.
The divorce process has increased; more people are those currently divorcing in comparison to previous years. The number of marriages has decreased in Colombia and divorces have increased, then there are fewer couples are now formed or constituted under Colombian law. It is taking as its source (universal), which is shown in the first half of 2012 divorces increased by 26.2 percent.
This variable is not very relevant for our industry because it affects us the number of marriages established in Colombia because this is not a determining factor for the consumer buying our service or not.
2.2.5 Number of births:
The number of births refers to the number of babies born each year within a country. In Colombia births have declined compared to previous years but not a very large variation, for the years 2013 649.742 333 299 children of which were recorded, the 51.29 percent were male, and 316 443, the 48.70 percent were women.
According to the registrar and published by www.datosmacro.com, in 2013 compared to 2011 data fewer children born in 2013, this made the birth rate is 2.32 percent intervention reduced.
Taking as a variable number of births, and seeing if it is useful or not within the industry, it can be said that the number of birth does not affect the industry because our service is not directed for babies but for the people youth and adults who are those who need our service.
2.2.6 Number of deaths:
The number of births refers to the number of babies born each year within a country. In Colombia births have declined compared to previous years but not a very large variation, for the years 2013 649.742 333 299 children of which were recorded, the 51.29 percent were male, and 316 443, the 48.70 percent were women. This variable indicates the number of people who die annually in the country, if we take as reference the mortality rate of Colombia, which indicates the average annual number of deaths in a period of one year per 1,000 inhabitants is 5.29 percent in 2011.
In Colombia in 2013 about 191,880 people were killed, 3,943 fewer than the previous year. In terms of percentage change between sexes, males are those who have more deceased died because 107,019, however only 84,846 women died, these figures were exposed by the www.datosmacro.com website showing the variation from year to year of the deaths in Colombia.
This variable does not directly affect the industry because their service is aimed at a wide range of ages, hence is not affected in a high percentage and economically industry not be affected.
2.2.7 Immigration and emigration rates:
The emigration is the action of moving from one place to another in which it is passed by an administrative or political border, to settle in another place other than their home temporarily or indefinitely country. There are two types of migration, the first is the voluntary migration where the person has no external pressures, and the second is the forced migration that refers to a compulsion to have a group of people where their lives could be at risk and are forced to leave the country.
The immigration is the situation where a person is mobilized, and may be within the same country, for example from rural to urban, international immigration also referred to is known that people outside the country or usually called as international migrant, moves outside its territory of origin and comes to territory they belong to is Colombia.
As for immigration and emigration rates, we can see that rates will not affect the industry, in our case are not relevant because our audience is mainly the inhabitants of Bogota.
2.2.8 Social security programs:
Social security programs are based on Law 100 of 1993 issued by the Congress of Colombia, which mentioned that the system or comprehensive social security programs is the set of organizations, established rules and procedures which possesses people to have a better quality of life; This is done through the progressive implementation of plans and programs that the state and society develop, in order to provide comprehensive coverage of contingencies
In the social security program is to regulate and standardize the main components of the social security system: The first is to regulate the general pension system, the second component is the general social security health, the third component consists in the general system of work hazards and finally, the fourth component is complementary social services.
Safety programs are not a significant variable in the industry in which we work, seeks to establish standards that benefit society, for example, some of the entities of comprehensive social security system in Colombia are: risk managers employment, severance funds. This variable is not relevant to the project because it focuses on social security of customer and industry focus to produce a larger scale to have a more effective performance and benefit economically).
2.2.9 Life expectancy rates:
Life expectancy is the index that determines the time it is expected that a person lives in a particular social concept; variables into account index that evaluates life expectancy are, sex, level of education, the economic level, the health care they have, the sanitary conditions with which they live, among others. (Deconceptos.com).
Life expectancy in Colombia has risen gradually, so pronounce the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), just as the report states that women live longer than men on average life expectancy of Colombians is 74 and is expected in the period 2015 to 2020 life expectancy increases. (terra, 2008)
2.2.10 Per capita income:
The per capita income has is related to national income. Income refers to all economic inputs received by a person, a family, a company, organization, etc. To improve income per capita must grow national income more than the population. The per capita income is the variable that calculates the average income received by the country for each of the inhabitants, this means that calculates the income received by a person to survive. To make that calculation is necessary to perform this formula: Income per capita national income = (IN) / Total population (PT) (república)
2.2.11 - Location of retailing, manufacturing, and service business: The place in which retailing business, manufacturing business and service business are located whether if they are inside or outside a city or even far away from them depending on the organization interests.
As reported by smetoolkit.com, the location of businesses depend on many factors, but the most important ones are the preferences, needs and objectives of a company, laws, governmental and environmental restrictions, people needs and social and cultural aspects. In agreement with the web page mentioned before, nowadays it is very common to see manufacturing business outside the cities because it is easier for companies to build great manufacturing establishments outside cities where the traffic is not jammed, where batch prices are not so expensive and where distribution labors could be done easily. On the other hand, services and retailing business are found frequently inside cities and specially in residential zones where it is common to find people in the need to buy food, clothes or cleaning utensils and willing to take a service, because according to P&M magazine, people have a special preference on business that are not far from home and that have delivery and online services.
This off course is relevant to the industry because it warns about peoples preferences on business locations, speaking about services according P&M magazine is better to have presence in mall centers and in residential zones because people usually is going to be in a need for a service. This information is key for the organizations among the industry because it tells where a business should be located and what facilities they should offer the customer such as online and delivery services or mobile applications.
2.2.12 - Attitudes toward business: What is the preference of Colombian people, being employed or having their own business?
In Colombia, nowadays, the percentage of people working for a company is greater than the percentage of independent workers. As explained by finanzaspersonales.com.co this situation is due to the fact that being an employee brings way more benefits than being independent, benefits such as social benefits, severances, bounties, health services among others, other cause is the fact that Colombians are afraid of investing all their savings on a business and for some reason to fail in the road for being independent losing the money invested. According to Enter magazine, people with their own business, most of the time are people that once where in great economic problems and the only solution was to start their own business; furthermore another fact is that independent people have grater expenses that employees although most of the times independents gain more profit.
In contrast with the facts mentioned above, Eltimpo.com states that formal employees in Colombian always think about starting their own company because many of them are not satisfied with the wages they receive and the amount of work they are committed to do , other fact are the intense labor schedules that barely leave some free time on weekends and finally, fact that usually employees complain about the treat they receive at companies and that they work is not often recognized properly, however, many workers remain being employed for the reasons mentioned on the first paragraph.
This for the industry is not bad at all, because the less independent workers, the less competition is found in the market, meaning fewer expenses and marketing efforts to compete against others inside the same industry.
2.2.13 - Lifestyles: Set of behavioral patterns and daily habits of a person.
Colombia is a country where lifestyles change a lot depending on the social stratification a family or a person has and also depending on the kind of work they develop, even though, in line with Banco de la República, the ones that impact the most in Colombians lifestyle are the different social stratifications, starting with stratum 1 and 2, where people lack of mainly all the essential resources for living like clean water, food, medical services and a proper home (in cases that “home” is under a bridge), so lifestyle of these people consist on looking for the essential resources daily so they somehow can survive. The next one is stratum 3, where families usually have a person who works and is able to take home the essential resources to have good living such as food and a house and also is able to pay the public services, this people usually is not able to expend money on leisure activities like going to a restaurant or to the movies, every single peso counts. The next one is stratum 4 that according to the classification given by Dane.gov.co is the middle stratum where families and people have enough resources to have a good living usually because family members or the individuals have access to good jobs and they can expend some money in leisure activities but not too expensive ones, in average according to the web page mentioned before, people from this stratification is between 30 and 38 years old and they are mainly families. The last ones are the number 5, 6 and 7 stratification levels that according to the government web page are the high stratification levels which are formed by people with high economic resources and in terms of lifestyle, are the ones that usually have a fulltime job or have their own business, and during free time they dedicate to leisure activities such as going to nice restaurants with their families, traveling abroad, spending time with their sons (if they have children), practicing sports, going to the club, going to do some shopping among other activities.
According to that information, the industry could have many different targets and consumers to satisfy, the information provided help companies among the industry to choose whether they want to serve people from the different stratification levels according to services and objectives in mind, also it gives the industry a general view of the economic situation and the capabilities of people to expend money in the service industry.
2.2.14 - Traffic congestion: The amount of vehicles circulating through the city streets and highways.
In Bogotá, traffic congestion is such that there is the need to implement something called the “pico y placa” that forbids different amount or vehicles to circulate on the streets depending on the day and the car’s plate which obviously is something that is going to make that the car remains on the garage several days during the week, another fact is that despite of the implementing of the pico y placa, the secretary of mobility states that in Bogotá there are more than 50000 vehicle crashes per year and not to mentions the daily super traffic jams that happen every single day all day long inside and sometimes outside the city which could make you take more than 30 minutes to get to a place that is not even 2 miles away.
This information is very relevant to the industry in which the organization operates because when traffic is so jammed according to the statistics shown by LaRepublica.com people prefer to stay in home instead of going out and get stressed with the traffic which makes delivery services more demanded by people as well as online and mobile services. It is also relevant because it affects the proper development of the industry inside the city, forcing companies to change their strategies and expend more resources in logistic solutions.
2.2.15 - Average disposable income: The amount of money that Colombians are able to expend in entertainment, leisure activities, or even the money able to be wasted.
As reported by Dinero.com, Colombians that are able to expend money on leisure activities, travels, restaurants, etc. are the ones from 4 stratum to 7 stratum, this phenomenon occurs because people from 1 to 3 stratification levels often don’t have enough money to expend on activities or products different from food, cleanness stuff, clothes and the essential utensils for living.
According to an article on Larepublica.com, the amount of money able for “free time activities” increases depending on the social stratification, even though, this doesn’t mean that stratum 4 and 5 are the ones that expend the less and 6 and 7 are the ones that waste the money, conforming to the Dean of the Faculty of Economics at the University of St. Thomas de Aquino in Bucaramanga, Carmen Elisa Theran, people of 4 and 5 stratification levels dispose more than 17% of their total monthly income for leisure activities, form which their favorites are going to the movies, doing some shopping at mall centers, visiting restaurants, traveling mostly by ground transportation such as private transportation (their own cars) or taking the service of a transportation organization like Bolivariano or Berlina to go to places not far from the city in which they live. In contrast, people form higher stratification levels as reported by the president of the Hotel and Tourist Association of Colombia (COTELCO), María Claudia García, have an average of 22% of their monthly income to expend or waste, however, this people prefer to expend that money doing expensive shopping in accessories, clothes, cars, jewelry, etc. when it comes about traveling, they prefer to travel by plane mostly to touristic cities like Cartagena, Santa Marta, Coveñas or abroad the country, in other cases they use their cars for traveling mostly when they go to their “summer houses” according to the president mentioned before.
This facts mentioned before represent relevant information for the industry, because knowing the percentages of money able to be expended in leisure activities or the money that stays free after paying all the economic responsibilities the industry knows who their customers are more likely to be, what prices to charge, where to focus their activities and services and if whether complex financial options of payment are going to be needed.
2.2.16 - Trust in government: The level or percentage of people in Colombia that trust on the government’s words and promises.
In countries like Colombia, the government has always been a critical topic to talk about, according to razonpublica.com and the different surveys the have studied, Colombians haven’t been satisfied with any government since the 90’s, as stated by the investigation pointed by the web page, the fact that presidents and the government in general most of the time never achieve what they were supposed to do, is been lowering the percentage of trust of Colombians in political parties to the point in which only the 12% of Colombian people trust in them, however, another survey made by RCNradio points that 34% is the level of trust of Colombians in the current government whose leader is Juan Manuel Santos who has a 47% of Colombians trust. Is noticeable that despite the fact of almost half of the people trusting in the president, only a 34% trust in the actual government a phenomenon that in line with RCNradio and the firm Ipsos Napoleón Franco, occurs because people believe that the performance of the government doesn’t rest only in the president’s hands, they believe the tries as hard as possible to achieve his promises but other people in the government wouldn’t let him do what he is committed to do.
This information for the industry is not relevant at all because despite of the fact that industries are regulated by the government, the proper performance of the industry is not linked in any way to the level of Colombians trust in the government, it just doesn’t affect or change the way industries do their job or the perception of their customers towards products or services.
2.2.17 - Attitudes toward government: People’s perception about the government and what they think about it.
In relation to what was said in the topic above and in agreement with the survey done by the Observatorio de la democracia, to more than 20 thousand people, it is a fact that less than the 50% of the people trust in the government, the results shown by the survey indicated that more of the 60% of Colombians don´t believe that the government is actually going to achieve the goals they are supposed to achieve, also a poll done by the Gallup group points that 63 of each 100 Colombians believe that the government is never transparent and that presidents and mayors are only dedicated to steal economic resources from the people and the country and what’s worst, almost 75% of the people think that in elections time, they have to vote for “the less worse” candidate.
These facts are not relevant for the industry because the operation of the industry has nothing to do with the thinking of the people towards the government, not to mention that the industry in which the business operates is not directly linked to the government and people’s choice about whether to take or not the industry services shouldn’t be affected by their thinking about the administration of the government.
2.2.18 - Attitudes toward work: What workers thing about their jobs and how they feel performing them.
According to oidhaco.org more than 60% of Colombian workers don’t feel satisfied with their jobs starting with the fact that most of them have and informal job contract which allows companies to save great amounts of money per employee, of course this is not good news for workers because it means that they are not getting all the benefits a formal contract guarantees like, health services and bounties. Also, in line with the international office of human rights, more than the 70% of employees state that their wages are not enough for the intense work they are committed to do, they say that companies like competitive workers but they don’t pay enough to be as competitive as they want. Only 12% of the workers are satisfied with their jobs and state that the wages they have are fair enough for what they do, most of this people work for big national or foreign companies and have a good charge (most of the times a directive charge). According to employees what they like the least is the fact that when the government finally tries to do something to promote the formal recruitment, companies see that as a threat for they profits and in contrast, companies concentrate efforts to see how they can avoid or minimize the impact of the government decisions on employee’s rights.
For the industry is important to know this information that reveals how workers feel nowadays performing a job and what they would like to get when working for an organization, it tells the industry how they should treat and manage the employees for them to feel as comfortable as possible in a job and that way to perform it In the best possible way.
2.2.19 - Buying habits: What people like to buy with frequency and their most common expenses.
To start, it has to be clear that the buying habits of Colombians vary greatly depending on the different country regions; however, there are common points that exist among the buying habits of Colombians, in words of Camilo Herrera, president of Raddar, Colombian organization dedicated to the study and observation of the consumer, the Colombian consumer is “an aspirational person with little freedom for consuming”.
Talking about food, Raddar states that in January light food consumption rises, later around April more sea food is eaten. During midyear people tend to eat more food with sodas and French fries, next, during September the chocolate sales grow greatly, on October candies are the protagonists and on December meals served with beer and specially the sales of liquor rise a lot.
Now talking about the current trends on buying habits, people nowadays prefer to eat outside the house, they prefer to go to restaurants, or to have some instant food to eat whenever they want, another trend are the highly demanded delivery services not only in food but also in delivering all sorts of products, because despite of the fact that people currently prefer to eat outside the house (this meaning that they prefer to eat meals not prepared in the house) according to the lecturer Rafael España, since technology has advanced so much, and people can even work from their houses, it is common to see that almost everything has to be delivered to citizen’s houses for them not to waste time having to go out of the house and leave the job for eating or for looking for a medicine.
Since people now are not cooking so often in the house and prefer outside food, the percentage of sales of food on retailer stores has gone down while the sales of technological devises has risen greatly, devices such as smartphones, personal computers, videogame consoles, TVs and so on.
Talking about services, Mister Camilo Herrera states that the internet, TV, transportation and smartphone services are the ones that have raised the most. On the other hand, since vehicle companies are giving so many credit options to buy cars, the increasing sales of cars means the lowering use of public transportation and the rise of demand for gasoline and workshops.
It is also important to say that according to Raddar, Colombians rely a lot in brands, Colombians prefer to buy or take a service with a recognized brand because it gives them confidence and ensures the service or product’s quality.
Finally, in Colombia, catalog sales from organizations such as Nutresa group, Avon, Natura, Herbalife, among others are rising at a high speed and also lowering down the percentage of sales of the great retailers such as exito, jumbo, La 14 stores and others.
This information it’s clearly very relevant for the industry because it tells it how the consumer behavior is, what the consumer needs are, how the trends are evolving, how and where to adapt to new trends, how to change according to customer demands, where the competition is getting stronger and what no business to enter.
2.2.23 Sex Roles:
This refers to the public image of being male or female that a person present to others. In Colombia massage service is provided mostly by women, since there is a general conception that it is these who best play this role, however, is gaining strength the role of men in the service.
The large percentage of people who go to work giving a massage in spa RBE are women and some men also features as there are individuals who request it.
2.2.24 Use of birth control:
The birth control means voluntary prevention of conception by a man or a woman through the use of contraceptive techniques. This variable has no direct relationship with the industry, since the industry is focused on clients in their most adult’s stratum medium-high socioeconomic upwards, where the number of members who plans are very definite given the level of education, be a family.
2.2.25 Ethical Concerns:
This variable refers to a set of principles of right conduct. In this case for the industry ethics is very important, both in the group of people who provide massage service and are in direct contact with the customer as well as for administrative and operational equipment company, since inputs and elements they used to practice massage are high quality with a standardization that allows clients to identify and differentiate products using in the industry. In addition, a time, forms and quality in performing massage are standard and this is where ethic must be unquestionable staff to achieve quality standards posed by the company and satisfaction levels expected for customer. Moreover, it is required by workers with a high sense of belonging and respect for the industry as to not make individual negotiation with clients assigned by the industry.
2.2.26 Racial Equality:
Since the selection process the necessary filters are made to ensure that persons entering to work at the industry did not have any vices or are not vitiated regarding religious beliefs, sexual orientation or race, both customers and coworkers. For customers there is clarity about the services that the industry would lend regardless of their beliefs, race or sex, all framed in compliance in both directions in the industry-client relationship.
2.2.27 Average Level of Education:
The level of education required to the industry should be minimal technical degree or students or professionals in careers as physical therapy, surgery, chiropractic or health related. This, because basic knowledge of human physiology that may explain the nature of the industry, its effect on the body and in extreme cases some abnormality on which not to be made the procedure and instead suggest to the customer require professional medical review.
It is estimated that most clients are an education professional level upwards, however there is no restriction on the definitions of the industry to restrict service to people without any education.
2.2.28 Attitudes toward saving:
This variable means that is a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, in this case, toward saving.
In Colombia savings culture is below 50% of the population being Bogotá where it is saved in the main capitals of the country. One of the main reasons why people are not motivated to save is by low interest generated by the money they saved in the National bank. Note that the absence of a savings culture in the country's culture affects investment.
The socioeconomic group in which the industry focuses is intended generally within the monthly budget amount for recreation, fun and health, that is where it is expected that part of the budget is spent on the services provided by the industry.
2.2.29 Attitudes Toward Investing:
The Colombian invest primarily in: buying rental housing, certificates of deposit, investment in foreign currency or finally invest in the stock market, the latter being in buying shares of companies such as Ecopetrol, Isagen, Pacific Rubiales, Warehouses Success, Bancolombia, Grupo Aval and Grupo Nacional de Chocolates. For these latter individuals before investing always seek a financial adviser or broker to guide you about the best investment according to the financial needs of each. Another type of investment used by Colombians is to create own businesses or family businesses where low investments can even achieve their livelihood, considering that in most cases these businesses are served by the investor or their family group principal.
Within the expansion plans of the industry while an income stock exchange by the same firm size is not contemplated, if there are plans in the future allow the entry of new investors or minority shareholders to provide greater plan expansion of the industry.
2.2.30 Buying Habits:
The shopping habits are the preferences of consumers, number of times that they frequent a place, use or product or service, purchase motivation and attitudes towards this. Given that 72% of household incomes are for products or services other than food, some goods are: education, communications, transportation and entertainment.
Due to mobility problems in major cities, people do not have enough time to move was a local, so alternatives such as addresses of service providers, in this case the industry, take strength in the Bogotá.
2.2.30 Government Regulations:
The rules are the standards established by the government of each country, which is to ensure social benefits. Government regulations established in Colombia for the industry are laid down in Article 210 of Act 9 of 1979 and Article 2 of Decree-Law 205 of 2003 by the Ministry of Social Protection. Certain requirements for the opening and operation of establishments that offer the service, health and safety conditions that must be fulfilled as required by law for good performance are established.
2.2.31 Attitudes Toward Retirement:
In Colombia the number of weeks required to enable people to acquire retirement is 1,300 weeks to 2015, when women are 57 years old and 62 years for men. This applies to employees who are in state pension funds to private funds will depend on the amount of savings you have. Independent of this, the contribution that employees must perform is 4% of salary and 12% belongs to the company.
2.2.32 Attitudes toward costumer service:
Such as free trade agreements and the entry of strong competitors with technology and products that meet the highest international quality standards forced the industry and the Colombian trade catch up on topics such as customer service, so the Ministry of Foreign Trade, with Proexport, began demanding internally what abroad were minimal standards in services and products, while plans were trained in customer service .
even today there is already talk, for example, as a government portals and online social networks like Facebook or Twitter can even ask questions directly to the government.
In addition, Colombia is a leader in customer service training, distance methodologies, training that is essential in the new educational programs and are also in the classrooms of universities and institutes specializing in marketing and sales. At the university level, human resource management customer service, specializing in foreign trade, international relations and computer audit are in great demand among businessmen and top executives.
(portafolio, 2011)
2.2.33 Pollution control:
Colombia has been facing serious problems of pollution and traffic congestion, which is why the government has found a way to control both problems by adding in the price to the consumer the specific tax, control and restrictions on traffic flow by the prohibition of traffic in a few hours or in certain places.
This has also led to new technologies for the care and environmental control such as hybrid engines and the use of non-fossil energy sources generated source.
For example:
The controls for the transportation and vehicle taxation, road pricing, congestion and parking rates influence the demand for transport, through the ownership and use of vehicles, the use of and access to infrastructure, use of space and fuel demand. In order to control the economic, environmental and social impacts generated by this demand.
For the transportation industry this means more expenses, since for each ride and use of a vehicle are more and more taxes for the care of the pollution. but it is necessary to consider innovative mechanisms that help protect the environment with green technology especially for large trucks that are the biggest polluters.
(Orozco, Gandur, & Londoño, 2006)
2.2.34 Attitudes toward foreing peoples:
I colombian towns and cities remain economically from tourists who go to see these places. Foreigners in Colombia are included favorably within this society and bring many benefits, such as investing, bringing new knowledge to companies with the country's development.
When a foreing Works in Colombia have some rights looking for equity and to avoid discrimination and are this:
· Conclusion of a contract.
· Payment of wages for service delivery
· Membership of the General Social Security System (Health, Pension and occupational hazards).
· Affiliation to a family compensation fund.
· Payment of social benefits.
· Holidays.
· Membership in an association and / or union.
(mintrabajo, 2015)
2.2.35 Energy conservation:
Colombia is betting the forests, and wáter. According to the Energy Regulatory Commission and Gas (CREG), 77% of electricity generation in the country, in normal years comes from hydro plants and other thermal plants using fossil fuels like coal and gas. In other words, the light of the most recent Colombian households provides in forest. For this reason the resources of forests and water must be well managed and used, since most of the energy is produced by hydroelectric, hoping to reach a tune of 50% hydroelectric and 50% thermic plants
(vivir, 2013)
2.2.36 Social programs:
Social projects in Bogota are in charge of the district secretary of social integration, with the intention of better Bogota according to their social priorities, there are:
- Comprehensive Care for Persons with Disabilities, Families, Carers and Carers - Closing the Gaps
- Feeding skills: skills development and food support to overcome conditions of vulnerability.
- Comprehensive early childhood development.
- "Constructions: worthy suitable and safe".
- For violence-free relationships and families in Bogota.
- Capacity building for developing people in prostitution and street residents.
- Adoption of an organisational development model for human talent.
- Strengthening and innovation of information technology and communication
- Comprehensive protection and capacity of children and adolescent.
- "Young activating its Citizenship".
2.2.37. Number of churches:
In Colombia, new requests for openings churches are received every day. today there are nearly 5,000 churches throughout the country.
(Aguirre, 2013)
2.2.38. Number of church members:
There is no exact number of members within the churches, everything depends on the religion because there are so much.
(Aguirre, 2013)
2.2.39. Attitudes toward careers:
These are the career most sought after companies in Colombia:
- Business Administration
- Marketing
- Computer Engineering
- International Business Administration
- Industrial engineering
- Financial management
- General Accounting
- Civil Engineering
- Advertising
- Quality Management Systems
- Sales Management
- Gastronomy
- Computer engineering
- Business Administration in Marketing and Digital Communication
2.2.40. Social responsibility:
A socially responsible company turns out to be one that, in addition to offering products and services, generate profits, jobs and pay taxes, identifies problems afflicting their community and proposes alternatives for resolution. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility essentially be framed within a series of voluntary agreements that companies undertake to comply and which generate a "Plus" or added value on them.Corporate Social Responsibility in our country was born out of concern for the violation of human rights, negative environmental impacts, the decline in the quality of life of the population, corporate scandals by the lack of business ethics and child labor, among others. Also care about human rights, labor standards, environment, fight against corruption.
(legal, 2013)
2.2.41. population changes by race, age, sex and level of affluence.
Population by Level of affluence:
Colombia, which has historically been among the most unequal countries in the World. income poverty declined from 54 percent to just over 45 percent between 2002 and 2009, while the inequality index remained stable. These are not numbers, are people: 45 percent of poverty are twenty million Colombians in the pot.
In Colombia, the richest 10 percent of the population is left with half of GDP while the poorest 10 percent barely fall from the table crumbs 0.6 percent of GDP.
(semana, 2011)
Population by race:
3.4% of the population was recognized as indigenous. From it, 49.6% are women and 50.4% are men. 0.001% of the population was recognized as Romor Gypsies. From it, 48.0% are women and 52.0% are men. 10.6% of the population is recognized as Afro, of which 50.5% are women and 49.5% are men. |
2.2.42 - Attitudes towards authority: The thinking and confidence of Colombians toward the authority institutions such as the police.
According to Juan Carlos Ruiz, associated professor and director of the master in political and international studies at the University of Rosario, nowadays Colombia has one of the most high percentages in confidence towards the police, as stated by his studies, 45% of Colombian people trust the police, obviously there are several discrepancies about this information on the different regions of the country because the more away from the cities, the less confidence people has on the police, meaning that people from small towns, peasants and displaced, have the lowest trust on the institution, while people living in cities have the highest trust in terms of security. This phenomenon as explained by Dr. Juan Carlos Ruiz, is due to the fact that people living in cities rely too much on the TV news, newspapers and magazines information, in which the reality of facts many times is manipulated and the truth is hidden so people don’t know what the authority is really doing, another fact (again from the mass media) is that currently police is shown on the TV news a minimum of 5 times per broadcast performing their labor incredibly well, this cases affect mostly people of 30 years and older while younger people rely more on internet information that is less manipulated.
In line with the information above, it is important to point that younger people no matter where they live trust less in the police; however, there is a common thinking in Colombians society about the police as reported by portafolio.com, more than 70% of Colombian population think that police members (specially traffic police) are opportunists, they usually don’t like to help and don’t care about people wellness, and the most common of all, they take advantage of their social charge to take people’s money away given a situation of a driving issue.
The previous information is not relevant for the industry because, the industry in which the company works, is not related to security services or something similar, the operations of the industry shouldn’t be affected by the opinion of people towards the authority since that issue is for the government to be solved and not for the industry.
2.2.43 Value placed on leisure time
Free time and leisure is known as the personal activity or activities for self-entertainment and fun, which refers to one of the spatio-temporal niches.
The growth of the Colombian economy has been stable over the last few years, slightly interrupted by the 1999 crisis. The Colombians spend approximately 17:30 hours per day in personal activities, according to the DANE (Deartamento Nacional Estadistico) within those activities study, social activities, cultures and sports among other are included. For our industry, the value placed on leisure time in Colombia has a key role, it has to be taken into account in able to know how much time our customers will be willing to spend in our services, leisure is one of the main focuses of our industry.
According to Juan Carlos Ruiz, associated professor and director of the master in political and international studies at the University of Rosario, nowadays Colombia has one of the most high percentages in confidence towards the police, as stated by his studies, 45% of Colombian people trust the police, obviously there are several discrepancies about this information on the different regions of the country because the more away from the cities, the less confidence people has on the police, meaning that people from small towns, peasants and displaced, have the lowest trust on the institution, while people living in cities have the highest trust in terms of security. This phenomenon as explained by Dr. Juan Carlos Ruiz, is due to the fact that people living in cities rely too much on the TV news, newspapers and magazines information, in which the reality of facts many times is manipulated and the truth is hidden so people don’t know what the authority is really doing, another fact (again from the mass media) is that currently police is shown on the TV news a minimum of 5 times per broadcast performing their labor incredibly well, this cases affect mostly people of 30 years and older while younger people rely more on internet information that is less manipulated.
In line with the information above, it is important to point that younger people no matter where they live trust less in the police; however, there is a common thinking in Colombians society about the police as reported by portafolio.com, more than 70% of Colombian population think that police members (specially traffic police) are opportunists, they usually don’t like to help and don’t care about people wellness, and the most common of all, they take advantage of their social charge to take people’s money away given a situation of a driving issue.
The previous information is not relevant for the industry because, the industry in which the company works, is not related to security services or something similar, the operations of the industry shouldn’t be affected by the opinion of people towards the authority since that issue is for the government to be solved and not for the industry.
2.2.43 Value placed on leisure time
Free time and leisure is known as the personal activity or activities for self-entertainment and fun, which refers to one of the spatio-temporal niches.
The growth of the Colombian economy has been stable over the last few years, slightly interrupted by the 1999 crisis. The Colombians spend approximately 17:30 hours per day in personal activities, according to the DANE (Deartamento Nacional Estadistico) within those activities study, social activities, cultures and sports among other are included. For our industry, the value placed on leisure time in Colombia has a key role, it has to be taken into account in able to know how much time our customers will be willing to spend in our services, leisure is one of the main focuses of our industry.
Graph 1 Shows the avaage amounts of ours invested from monday through friday by poeple older than 12 years, in the different daily activities in 2007.
2.2.44 Regional changes in taste and preferences
According to a study done by Ipsos-Napoleón Franco “Food trends international” in 2007, 59% of Colombians claimed to have recently made changes in their diets and taste preferences to make it healthier. The main intent in those changes was to seek for healthier lifestyles according to the study. It is a fact that there is a healthy trend and Colombians are becoming increasingly concerned about it.
This can benefit our industry, as our main intent as an organization is to provide a better lifestyle through relaxation and leisure, and as a trend is being created and the daily busy life’s of Bogota’s people are increasing.
2.2.45 Number of women and minority workers
In Colombian population a total number of 22 million 150 thousand are female, 56.8% of those females are working occupied households. In 2009 41.9%, of women were employed in the following things, they did activities in production of goods and services of at least one hour per week; on the other hand there were women unpaid that worked at least 15 hours a week.
According to the president of the CUT (Central Unitaria de Trabajadores, Domingo Tovar) 68% of the economically active Colombian population is within the framework of informality. Also according to statistics from the DANE, 23 million people that are part of these economically active population and that appear in the labor market as employed, either sell minutes on the street as an unpaid family workers or are just unemployed.
2.2.46 Number of high school and college graduates by geographic area
In the last 10 years the number of graduates in Colombia from high school has increased. The number of graduates was 1'802 729, which doubles the records of the previous decades.
From 1960 until the year 2000, 22% of professional diplomas obtained in the country are from technical and technological levels, 66% from undergraduates and 12% of postgraduates programs. In 2010 the percentage of graduated people from technical and technological professional levels increased to 31%, from universities it decreased to 45% and in postgraduates it doubled to 24%
Graph 1 shows the number of graduates in Colombia since 1960 and 2010:
According to a study done by Ipsos-Napoleón Franco “Food trends international” in 2007, 59% of Colombians claimed to have recently made changes in their diets and taste preferences to make it healthier. The main intent in those changes was to seek for healthier lifestyles according to the study. It is a fact that there is a healthy trend and Colombians are becoming increasingly concerned about it.
This can benefit our industry, as our main intent as an organization is to provide a better lifestyle through relaxation and leisure, and as a trend is being created and the daily busy life’s of Bogota’s people are increasing.
2.2.45 Number of women and minority workers
In Colombian population a total number of 22 million 150 thousand are female, 56.8% of those females are working occupied households. In 2009 41.9%, of women were employed in the following things, they did activities in production of goods and services of at least one hour per week; on the other hand there were women unpaid that worked at least 15 hours a week.
According to the president of the CUT (Central Unitaria de Trabajadores, Domingo Tovar) 68% of the economically active Colombian population is within the framework of informality. Also according to statistics from the DANE, 23 million people that are part of these economically active population and that appear in the labor market as employed, either sell minutes on the street as an unpaid family workers or are just unemployed.
2.2.46 Number of high school and college graduates by geographic area
In the last 10 years the number of graduates in Colombia from high school has increased. The number of graduates was 1'802 729, which doubles the records of the previous decades.
From 1960 until the year 2000, 22% of professional diplomas obtained in the country are from technical and technological levels, 66% from undergraduates and 12% of postgraduates programs. In 2010 the percentage of graduated people from technical and technological professional levels increased to 31%, from universities it decreased to 45% and in postgraduates it doubled to 24%
Graph 1 shows the number of graduates in Colombia since 1960 and 2010:
2.2.47 Recycling
Recycling is an environmentally friendly way of manufacturing process of used products that have served their purpose to create new products or use them in other things. In Colombia only 12% of the solid waste collected in each departmental capitals is used to be recycled.
Recycling in Colombia has more than 80 years. Colombia is a pioneer in the organization of recyclers.
Bogota, Colombia’s capital city is the city that produces more waste among the other Colombian cities. Every year the citizens bounce away 2.3 million tones of waste, of which only 92,826 tons are recycled only the 3.9 %.
2.2.48 Air pollution, Water pollution and Ozone depletion
Air pollution is the concentration of atmospheric contamination.
In accordance with the provisions of the Colombian governing rules, atmospheric pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere, in high concentrations, at a given time. It’s the result of human activities or natural processes which as consequence can cause damage to people’s health and to the environment.
In the study, “Costo de la degradación ambiental en Colombia” is concluded that air pollution causes substantial health effects to people, mainly associated with the presence of particulate matter, this is evident in the resent increase of respiratory diseases, particularly in childhood.
Water pollution is considered to be the rate of contamination in natural water resources. The Colombian Ministry of Environment estimates that half of the water resources have quality problems, 50% of the water in Colombia is of poor quality, taking into consideration that Colombia is the sixth largest country in the world with water supply.
It is estimated that industry, agriculture and domestic sewage generates 9,000 tons of organic contaminants in aquifers. Fortunately our industry does not enhance water pollution.
The ozone layers are also been affected by contamination produced by humans activities, this layer is declining in Antarctica and mid-latitudes.
2.2.49 Endangered species
These are some of the main endangered species in Colombia, among many others, by endangered its understood that might be threatened with extinction.
1. Armadillo
The armadillo was threatened because people ate meat, currently the main threats against him are deforestation and expansion of agriculture, forcing him to migrate to places they might not be able to adapt to.
2. Guacamaya bandera
The natural habitat of this anumal is almost extinct, which means they can rarely be found on captivity, due to high volume of illegally hunting and trafficking . It is also appetizing to steal their feathers, exotic and vivid colors.
3. El manatí del Caribe
The Manití del Caribe is victim of indiscriminate hunting so that their skin can be use..
4. Oso perezoso
The Oso perezoso is suffering from increasing traffic of its kind, especially newborns (70% of trafficked; the mother probably die while fighting because they do not carry the baby).
They are also threatened by habitat destruction. According to the Ideam, each year 90,000 hectares of natural forests where these animals live are destroyed, which risks further their existence.
Recycling is an environmentally friendly way of manufacturing process of used products that have served their purpose to create new products or use them in other things. In Colombia only 12% of the solid waste collected in each departmental capitals is used to be recycled.
Recycling in Colombia has more than 80 years. Colombia is a pioneer in the organization of recyclers.
Bogota, Colombia’s capital city is the city that produces more waste among the other Colombian cities. Every year the citizens bounce away 2.3 million tones of waste, of which only 92,826 tons are recycled only the 3.9 %.
2.2.48 Air pollution, Water pollution and Ozone depletion
Air pollution is the concentration of atmospheric contamination.
In accordance with the provisions of the Colombian governing rules, atmospheric pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere, in high concentrations, at a given time. It’s the result of human activities or natural processes which as consequence can cause damage to people’s health and to the environment.
In the study, “Costo de la degradación ambiental en Colombia” is concluded that air pollution causes substantial health effects to people, mainly associated with the presence of particulate matter, this is evident in the resent increase of respiratory diseases, particularly in childhood.
Water pollution is considered to be the rate of contamination in natural water resources. The Colombian Ministry of Environment estimates that half of the water resources have quality problems, 50% of the water in Colombia is of poor quality, taking into consideration that Colombia is the sixth largest country in the world with water supply.
It is estimated that industry, agriculture and domestic sewage generates 9,000 tons of organic contaminants in aquifers. Fortunately our industry does not enhance water pollution.
The ozone layers are also been affected by contamination produced by humans activities, this layer is declining in Antarctica and mid-latitudes.
2.2.49 Endangered species
These are some of the main endangered species in Colombia, among many others, by endangered its understood that might be threatened with extinction.
1. Armadillo
The armadillo was threatened because people ate meat, currently the main threats against him are deforestation and expansion of agriculture, forcing him to migrate to places they might not be able to adapt to.
2. Guacamaya bandera
The natural habitat of this anumal is almost extinct, which means they can rarely be found on captivity, due to high volume of illegally hunting and trafficking . It is also appetizing to steal their feathers, exotic and vivid colors.
3. El manatí del Caribe
The Manití del Caribe is victim of indiscriminate hunting so that their skin can be use..
4. Oso perezoso
The Oso perezoso is suffering from increasing traffic of its kind, especially newborns (70% of trafficked; the mother probably die while fighting because they do not carry the baby).
They are also threatened by habitat destruction. According to the Ideam, each year 90,000 hectares of natural forests where these animals live are destroyed, which risks further their existence.